Modern digital cameras have many advantages over film, but arguably the most useful is the ability to shoot Raw files that contain masses of exposure information. This creates a safety net if your exposure or white balance isn’t quite right, and also enables you to tweak the images to exactly how you want them. Raw isn’t an acronym, but instead literally refers to the raw data coming straight from the camera’s sensor. Each camera manufacturer has its own raw file format, such as .CR2 files on most Canon cameras or .NEF on Nikons. They are usually five to ten times larger in size than JPEGs, varying from body to body, so they will fill memory cards much more quickly.
However, it's well worth paying the extra price of admission to get that raw data – which makes it possible to correct white balance, change the exposure, and a whole raft of other handy adjustments that are far more difficult on a compressed JPEG file. JPEG colors, contrast, and other parameters are 'baked in' when you take them, and most of the additional data is thrown away, but Raw files grant you the ability to work them up exactly how you want.
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